[An excerpt from Walking in the Dust of Rabbi Jesus (Zondervan, 2012)]
My keys clattered onto the countertop, a relieved sigh escaping from my lips as I slipped off my Sunday coat.
The morning had been filled with small irritations: the coffee I splattered on my new sweater, the nosy prayer chain coordinator who grilled me on every detail of my recent illness, the lady behind me who refused to shake hands during the service.
And I was still quivering with anger over the guy who nearly crashed into me on the way home from church—who knew speed-demons drove minivans?
But what had really ruffled my feathers that morning was another stiff conversation among the small group I recently joined. Today’s lesson was on Jesus’ words, “Do not judge.” The discussion had produced nothing but platitudes and strained silence.
A middle-aged mom proposed that once we take the log out of our own eyes, we can and should judge. But then a hip twenty-something with funky glasses challenged the group to truly love people by ignoring what we call “sin.” After a painfully long pause, an elderly man awkwardly countered by voicing his indignation about seeing the words “Do not judge” on a billboard put up by a local gay-rights group.
No one seemed to know quite what to make of Jesus’ words.
Few sayings of Jesus have caused more frustration than his words about judging. From everything else Jesus taught, we know Jesus wasn’t telling us just to turn a blind eye to sin. So we struggle to find a way to sort out sin without actually calling it that, so that we won’t sin by judging. Or we just file this line in the “impossible” category, like “love your enemy”—it sounds great and preaches well, but it’s well nigh impossible to actually live out.
But this teaching of Jesus’ grows much more applicable when we hear how it fits into the wider conversation going on among Jewish thinkers. From centuries before Jesus was born “judging” has been a topic of discussion, filtering down through the millennia to inform Jewish practice right up to today. Jesus was, in fact, building on some very wise thinking and bringing it to a new level.
“Judging” in Jewish Thought
In about 120 BC, Yehoshua ben Perachia, one of the earliest rabbinic sages, shared the following wisdom: “Judge each person with the scales weighted in their favor.” The saying evokes the imagery of the ancient marketplace, where a merchant measures out grain by pouring it into one pan of a hanging scale until it swings level with the weighted side. A friendly shopkeeper will heap a little extra on, letting the pans tilt past the balance point. The idea is that you should “weigh” the deeds of others on the side of generosity. Simply put, give others the benefit of the doubt.
Jesus employed a similar metaphor about judging: “A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured to you” (Luke 6:38). Jesus too says that we should let our scales of justice fall past the balance point, bestowing on others a little more than they deserve.
But how do we actually live out this big-hearted lifestyle? A rabbinic parable illustrates:
A man worked on a farm for three years. On the eve of the Day of Atonement, he went to his employer and asked for his wages to take home to his wife and children.The farm owner said to him, “I have no money to give you.”
The farm hand protested, “Well, give me some of the crops I’ve helped grow.”
The farmer replied, “I have none!”
The worker cried, “Well then, give me some of the sheep that I’ve helped to raise!” The farmer shrugged and said that he had nothing he could give him. So the farm hand gathered up his belongings and went home with a sorrowful heart.
After the holidays, the employer came to the farmhand’s house with all of his wages, along with three carts full of extra gifts. They had dinner together, and as they ate, the farm owner asked, “When I told you I had no money, what did you suspect?”
“I thought you had seen a bargain and used all your cash to buy it,” the worker replied.
“And what did you think when I said that I had no crops?”
“I thought perhaps they were all leased to others.”
“And what did you think when I said I had no animals?”
“I thought that you may have dedicated them to the Temple.”
The farmer answered him, “It was just this way. My son wouldn’t study the Scriptures, and the day you came to me, I had rashly dedicated all my possessions to God. But, just a couple days ago, I was absolved of my vow so that now I can pay you. And as for you, just as you have judged me favorably, may the Lord judge you favorably!”
In this parable, the hired hand always gives his employer the benefit of the doubt by imagining the best possible motivation for actions that otherwise seemed suspect. This is what the rabbinic saying means about judging your neighbor “with the scales weighted in his favor.” Doesn’t the last line of this story remind you of Jesus’ words, “With the measure you use, it will be measured to you?”
While this is a nice thought, it hardly seems to be an earth-shattering insight on Jesus’ words. But what happens when you try to live it out? I thought back to my morning at church, considering how I might “judge favorably” in each situation.
… Maybe the prayer chain coordinator was genuinely concerned about my illness, rather than just trying to be nosy.
… Maybe the woman who wouldn’t shake my hand was new at church, or uncomfortable meeting people. Maybe she had a cold and didn’t want to spread it.
… Maybe the driver of that minivan was in a hurry because he was late for something. Maybe his kids were driving him crazy. Maybe he had to go to the bathroom!
By simply reconsidering my unkind assumptions about other people’s offenses, I could feel my anger drain away and my ruffled feathers settle back down. My attitude took a 180-degree turn once I reviewed the morning’s irritations in a new light. In almost every situation, a person can either look for a good or a bad motive behind other people’s behavior.
The way you choose to interpret others’ motives has a profound effect on the way you react to them. Personally, I’ve found that when I make a habit of trying to “judge favorably,” it transforms me into a kinder, more patient person. My attitude grows more loving when I assume the best instead of the worst about the people around me.
I’m still working on putting this into practice, but imagine the possibilities if I consistently looked at other people in the best possible light. I’d start saying things like, “Maybe the boss was short-tempered today because of problems at home.” If I had an argument with a friend, I’d assume she was defending what she considered a sensible opinion, rather than that she was attacking me. When I heard someone insulting my faith, I might say, “That person must have had a bad experience with the church in order to make him feel that way.”
Truly, this small practice can change your entire outlook on life.
Jesus’ Words on Judging
As wise as the Jewish commentary is on judging, what light can it shed on Jesus’ words? Jesus’ audience may have already known about “judging favorably,” about assuming the best about other’s intentions. Undoubtedly Jesus would have agreed with the rabbis’ emphasis on generosity in dealing with others. But his ideas on judging have a slightly different slant.
When you judge favorably, you assume that a person is basically good. Jesus’ assessment of humanity was less optimistic. His words about judging are based on knowing that your neighbor is a sinner, but so are you. If you declare God’s condemnation of others, you invite him to condemn you too. Once again we hear the great commandment as Jesus preached it: “You shall love your neighbor as one who is like yourself”—both precious to God, but guilty of sin.
Rather than saying, “Judge favorably by assuming the best about others,” perhaps Jesus would say, “Judge mercifully, since you know you’re a sinner too.”
I can’t judge others because I don’t know their hearts. Indeed, the only one I really can know is my own sinful heart. So if I want God to have mercy on me, I need to extend mercy. Jesus brought home this potent message by putting it into a seven-fold parallelism:
Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Do not judge, and you will not be judged
Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned.
Forgive, and you will be forgiven.
Give, and it will be given to you.
A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over,
will be poured into your lap.
For with the measure you use, it will be measured out to you.
(Luke 6:35-38)
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(Image – Dey)
James D. Eubanks says
Thank you Lois for your insight and faithfulness to the word. I have read several of your articles and have been blessed by your accurate dividing of the word of God.
Cynthia Prentice says
Lois, until I read your chapter on judging favorably (Chapter 8 Taking my Thumb off the Scale) I never realized Luke 6:36-38 was a synonymous parallelism.
Be merciful = Do not judge = Do not condemn = Forgive = Give = A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over = the measure you use.
When I read it the traditional way, the good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over describes what I will receive, but when read as a synonymous parallellism… the good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over not only describes what I will receive…it also describes the type of mercy and forgiveness I am to give.
I now have a powerful, concrete image of what the mercy Jesus asks me to give to others looks like…it is a good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over.
May he help me today to honor his words with my actions. Thank you so much for your insight.
Clare says
This was new to me, too. Thank you both for your insight.
Lois Tverberg says
Wow, thanks so much for sharing. May we both overflow with mercy and forgiveness toward others.
Juanita Seguin says
I understand about not judging the other’s heart, but how do we apply this principle without “turning a blind eye to sin”?
Came across your website recently and found your insights into the rabbinic context of Jesus’ teaching very interesting
Charles Lee says
Powerful reading about a difficult saying by Jesus. We have a long journey to walk after the Master and we need much grace to see each day through without bringing much judgement upon our own lives each day. A must read. Shalom Lois.
Verity3 says
What about literally suspending judgment?
A lot of us want things settled, and I understand that judging favorably is more generous than weighting the scale against someone. But do we really have to make a decision in every circumstance?
After many years of erring on the side of giving people the benefit of the doubt, I have been forced to realize that many, many people take advantage of others’ generosity. Even in the church. Even among church leadership. I have suffered for it. My family has suffered for it.
I am still holding onto forgiveness and mercy. But I am letting go of erring on the side of favorable judgment. Especially in matters involving trust, I am learning to be content with suspending judgment.
Lois Tverberg says
Thanks for your thoughts, everyone.
Regarding your comments about turning a blind eye to sin and letting yourself be taken advantage of, see the chapter in Walking in the Dust where this excerpt comes from. It goes into quite a bit more depth on these issues.
One thing not mentioned in this excerpt is that the word “judgment” is as wide in Greek and Hebrew as it is in English. “Judging” can refer to being discerning as well as condemnation. Really, Jesus is speaking about condemnation here.
I think that’s a good point about suspending judgment and holding onto forgiveness. That’s where Jesus’ emphasis on realizing that you yourself are a sinner is more effective than assuming others are generally good. But I do find many places when the rabbinic idea of judging favorably is helpful too.
Mary says
I’ve read this before, and the timing to reread is so God! With a difficult situation causing a lot of pain to our family, it is good to remember your wonderful exhortation, and the background for it. I also was reminded of something Arthur Burt, a Welsh minister over 100 years old now, said years ago. He told us to never put a motive to an action. Sometimes that comes in handy, to not think or say “You did (or said) that because you . . . ” What do I know??
Lois Tverberg says
Thanks for sharing, Mary.
Stevenson K says
What an insight!
Thank you so much Lois, it always make me hunger for more of His word.
Steve
Daniel Bos says
I have learned from you and from reading the Psalms, that many Hebrew words like love, anger, and fear are not names for kinds of thinking or feeling, but are names of actions. That helps me interpret “Do not judge” as do not pay back or punish and not as the process of evaluating or deciding right and wrong. The distinction between what juries do and what judges do makes more sense. It was one of your books. I do not remember which one. In this sense, judging is not a matter of deciding right or wrong; it is a matter of how we treat others. We may know very well what they did was wrong; we can still love and care for them.
Lucyna Bowen says
This is just what I needed to hear Daniel. I have never know the real interpretation of words in the bible like you have listed above…therefore have been in ignorance. without much success I have trying to ‘feel’ the good words and avoid the feelings of the bad words
Priscilla says
Thanks very much Lois for giving insight to that scripture on judging others. Many people refuse correction when they do wrong and say the one trying to correct them is judging them. I’ve also learnt to interpret other people’s actions with mercy knowing that I’ll receive the same measure. Once again thanks immensely.
Charles says
Thank you for the insight into these words of the Rabbi. Talk about hearing what they heard. No wonder those hearers would say never a man spoke this man.
I do have a question about one of Jesus’ saying from the cross. Would it be fair to the text to apply this insight to Jesus’ words of “Father forgive them for they do not know what they are doing.”
Lois Tverberg says
Charles, it certainly seems to be “judging favorably” to say that if those who crucified Jesus realized what they were doing, they certainly wouldn’t have done it. I totally agree.
David Webb says
Dear Lois,
Discernment is subjective, based upon our sensory input, and ideally filtered by the consulting input of the Ruach Ha-Kodesh.
One may tentatively identify apparent sin, or witness an “evil” act, unaware of the actual motives involved, and of the long term circumstantial and spiritual outcomes, (which are only known to Ha-Shem.) Discernment is a sort of preliminary vetting, yet Judgement is a form of condemnation that ultimately effects every Parties’ punishment or grace.
What we need to rapidly decide is “IF” we are directed by the Ruach Ha-Kodesh to lovingly intervene, thereby mitigating the outcomes and final Judgements. This is a delicate and often dangerous undertaking, considering any complications possibly, surreptitiously supplied by The Adversary. Be advised to respect the principles which govern the act of Interventional Reclusiveness.
Tread cautiously upon this “Path Of Righteousness”, making provisions for all souls involved to directly receive the Full Measure and Benefit of HIS Will and Grace.
Keith Radcliffe says
You are absolutely correct! This is a spiritual war we are in – the application of the scriptures in specific situations is accomplished by way of the gift of holy spirit. I have seen so much evil go unchallenged because good meaning people excuse the evil. So, I have a principle which has served me well. It is this: “Never let your good/Godly qualities be used against you or be used for evil.”
The enemy is counting on our good manners, forgiving nature, and ethical conduct.
David says
Lois thank you for sharing your insights to His Words to us. We need each other as He is molding un in to the image of His Holy Son.
Kibret Shiferaw says
Dear Lois
My previous understanding about this verse was wrong when you explain about scale the true understanding came, and still, we are using it. It was a good example always the seller weighs some extra to the benefit of buyer. Thank you, God bless,
Kibret Shiferaw from Ethiopia
Keith McAndrew says
Tipping the scale in favor of the buyer reminds me of the answer a minister gave to a man whose anger and bitterness rose up within him, every time he had to write a check to his divorced wife. He sought counsel from the minister how to deal with his anger and bitterness. The minister then replied to him, that the next time he had to write out the check, that whatever that amount was, to add more money to that amount and write out that larger amount! The reasoning is that he could not still be angry over the smaller amount if he is willing to write a bigger amount! Going the extra mile involves doing more than is asked to relieve yourself of bitterness over being forced to do something you don’t want to do. Every step past that obligation puts you in control how much further to go or when to stop!
Paul O Bischoff says
Lois, thx for the article
Paul O Bischoff says
What’s the worst that can happen to me if I don’t even think about motives at all, but take another’s gesture toward me or response to my gesture at face value? I would answer, they may misuse my generosity. I’m working on applying this issue of judging when giving to beggars. Last week Valerie rose from her park bench bed. I spoke with her, listened to her story and gave her two dollars. I used to worry about how beggars would spend the money. I stopped worrying. Because Valerie was Jesus, and I gave Jesus two dollars. Matthew 25, “when did we see you sleeping on a park bench? I’m only responsible for giving to the poor? Not judging for how they spend my gift? Whether they go to McDonald’s for breakfast or buy a bottle of wine is none of my business. After all, Jesus may enjoy a glass of white wine with dinner from time to time. I’m not sure if his diet includes a big mac.
Arlen Williams says
There are numerous major kinds of judging and I would be surprised if the Bible I’ve read does not address each distinct kind, in God’s own way. Thank you, Tverberg!
Jerrold R. Asal says
Ezekiel 3:20-21: Again, when a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits iniquity, and I lay a stumbling block before him, he shall die; because you did not give him warning, he shall die in his sin, and his righteousness which he has done shall not be remembered; but his blood I will require at your hand. Nevertheless if you warn the righteous man that the righteous should not sin, and he does not sin, he shall surely live because he took warning; also you will have delivered your soul. Also, read verses 16-19. Another issue, as I see it, is that we are NEVER allowed to judge anyone’s eternal destiny, as Almighty G-D totally reserves that to Himself.
Melinda Huebner says
Cynthia’s observation is quite astute. I especially liked her revelation of what Jesus’s mercy looks like: a good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over. In like manner we are to respond to others the same way. I hadn’t thought of it that way before.
Thank you Lois for your transparency, honesty and insight. May the Lord continue to use you in mighty ways.